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Credentials

The Email VFS connects to password-authenticated IMAP (reading) and SMTP (sending) servers. You need the server hostnames and a password or app password accepted by that provider.
Microsoft 365 is unsupported because it requires OAuth for IMAP, while the current Email VFS accepts only passwords.

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1. Find Your IMAP/SMTP Settings

ProtonMail requires ProtonMail Bridge running locally.

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2. Create an App Password

Many providers require an app password instead of your regular account password. Check that your provider still supports password-authenticated IMAP and SMTP before creating one. Yahoo:
  1. Go to https://login.yahoo.com/account/security
  2. Generate app password
  3. Select Other App, name it (e.g., “Mirage”)
  4. Copy the generated password
Fastmail:
  1. Go to https://www.fastmail.com/settings/security/tokens
  2. New App Password
  3. Select IMAP/SMTP access
  4. Copy the generated password
iCloud:
  1. Go to https://appleid.apple.com/account/manage
  2. Sign-In and Security -> App-Specific Passwords
  3. Generate an app-specific password
  4. Copy the generated password
Self-hosted / Other: Use your regular email password, or whatever your mail server requires.

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3. Save the credentials

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Troubleshooting

“Authentication failed” - Check whether your provider accepts passwords for IMAP/SMTP and whether it requires an app password. “Connection refused” - Check the hostname and port. Some networks block port 993/587. For ProtonMail, make sure Bridge is running. “SSL handshake failed” - Verify the host and implicit-TLS port (commonly 993 for IMAP). The current Python adapter’s use_ssl=False setting opens a plain connection; it does not perform a STARTTLS upgrade. For SDK guides, see Email (Python) and Email (TypeScript).